Fundamentals & Notations

The mathematical function that describes the characteristics of the quantum state of...

A multipartite entangled state with one shared excitation. Unlike a GHZ state,...

Dirac's standard notation for quantum mechanics. A ket |ψ⟩ represents a quantum...

The mathematical operator representing a system's total energy. It determines how a...

A discrete quantum of electromagnetic energy and the fundamental particle of light....

An intrinsic quantum form of angular momentum. Electron and nuclear spin states...

The smallest unit of a chemical element. Atoms contain a nucleus and...

Four maximally entangled two-qubit states that form the Bell basis and serve...

A geometric representation of a single qubit state. The poles represent |0⟩...

The ability of a quantum system to preserve stable phase relationships between...